ORIGIN OF BIRDS AND MAMMALS
The Imaginary Bird-Dinosaur Link
The bird named Confuciusornis is the
same age as Archæopteryx |
The claim of evolutionists trying to present Archæopteryx
as a transitional form is that birds have evolved from dinosaurs.
However, one of the most famous ornithologists in the world, Alan
Feduccia from the University of North Carolina, opposes the theory
that birds are related to dinosaurs, despite the fact that he is an
evolutionist himself. Feduccia has this to say regarding the thesis
of reptile-bird evolution: Well,
I've studied bird skulls for 25 years and I don't see any similarities
whatsoever. I just don't see it... The theropod origins of birds,
in my opinion, will be the greatest embarrassment of paleontology
of the 20th century.56
Prof. Alan Feduccia |
Larry Martin, a specialist on ancient birds from the University
of Kansas, also opposes the theory that birds are descended from
dinosaurs. Discussing the contradiction that evolution falls into
on the subject, he states:
To tell you the truth, if I had to support the
dinosaur origin of birds with those characters, I'd be embarrassed
every time I had to get up and talk about it.57
To sum up, the scenario of the "evolution of birds" erected solely
on the basis of Archæopteryx, is nothing more than a product of
the prejudices and wishful thinking of evolutionists.
The Origin of Mammals
As we have stated before, the theory of evolution proposes that
some imaginary creatures that came out of the sea turned into reptiles,
and that birds evolved from reptiles. According to the same scenario,
reptiles are the ancestors not only of birds but also of mammals.
However, there are great differences between these two classes.
Mammals are warm-blooded animals (this means they can generate their
own heat and maintain it at a steady level), they give live birth,
they suckle their young, and their bodies are covered in fur or
hair. Reptiles, on the other hand, are cold-blooded (i.e., they
cannot generate heat, and their body temperature changes according
to the external temperature), they lay eggs, they do not suckle
their young, and their bodies are covered in scales.
One example of the structural barriers between
reptiles and mammals is their jaw structure. Mammal jaws consist
of only one mandibular bone containing the teeth. In reptiles, there
are three little bones on both sides of the mandible. Another basic
difference is that all mammals have three bones in their middle
ear (hammer, anvil, and stirrup). Reptiles have but a single bone
in the middle ear. Evolutionists claim that the reptile jaw and
middle ear gradually evolved into the mammal jaw and ear. The question
of how an ear with a single bone evolved into one with three bones,
and how the sense of hearing kept on functioning in the meantime
can never be explained. Not surprisingly, not one single fossil
linking reptiles and mammals has been found. This is why evolutionist
scince writer Roger Lewin was forced to say, "The transition to
the first mammal, which probably happened in just one or, at most,
two lineages, is still an enigma".58
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What is the Origin of Flies?
An example from evolutionist
scenarios: Dinosaurus that suddenly took wing while
trying to catch flies!
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Claiming that dinosaurs transformed into birds,
evolutionists support their assertion by saying that some
dinosaurs who flapped their front legs to hunt flies "took
wing and flew" as seen in the picture. Having no scientific
basis whatsoever and being nothing but a figment of the
imagination, this theory also entails a very simple logical
contradiction: the example given by evolutionists to explain
the origin of flying, that is, the fly, already has a perfect
ability to fly. Whereas a human cannot open and close his
eyes 10 times a second, an average fly flutters its wings
500 times a second. Moreover, it moves both its wings simultaneously.
The slightest dissonance in the vibration of wings would
cause the fly lose its balance but this never happens.
Evolutionists should first come up with an
explanation as to how the fly acquired this perfect ability
to fly. Instead, they fabricate imaginary scenarios about
how much more clumsy creatures like reptiles came to fly.
Even the perfect creation of the housefly invalidates
the claim of evolution. English biologist Robin Wootton
wrote in an article titled "The Mechanical Design of Fly
Wings":
The better we understand the functioning of
insect wings, the more subtle and beautiful their designs
appear. Structures are traditionally designed to deform
as little as possible; mechanisms are designed to move component
parts in predictable ways. Insect wings combine both in
one, using components with a wide range of elastic properties,
elegantly assembled to allow appropriate deformations in
response to appropriate forces and to make the best possible
use of the air. They have few if any technological parallels-yet.1
On the other hand, there is not a single fossil
that can be evidence for the imaginary evolution of flies.
This is what the distinguished French zoologist Pierre Grassé
meant when he said "We are in the dark concerning the origin
of insects." 2
1 J. Robin Wootton, "The
Mechanical Design of Insect Wings", Scientific American,
Cilt 263, Kasým 1990, s. 120.
2 Pierre-P Grassé, Evolution of Living Organisms, New York:
Academic Press, 1977, s. 30.
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A bat fossil aged 50 million
years: no different than its modern counterpart. |
Evolutionists propose that all mammal species evolved from a common ancestor. However, there are great differences between various mammal species such as bears, whales, mice, and bats. Each of these living beings possesses specifically designed systems. For example, bats are created with a very sensitive sonar system that helps them find their way in darkness. These complex systems, which modern technology can only imitate, could not possibly have emerged as a result of chance coincidence. The fossil record also demonstrates that bats came into being in their present perfect state all of a sudden and that they have not undergone any "evolutionary process". |
George Gaylord Simpson, one of the most popular evolutionary authorities
and a founder of the neo-Darwinist theory, makes the following comment
regarding this perplexing difficulty for evolutionists:
The most puzzling event in
the history of life on earth is the change from the Mesozoic, the
Age of Reptiles, to the Age of Mammals. It is as if the curtain
were rung down suddenly on the stage where all the leading roles
were taken by reptiles, especially dinosaurs, in great numbers and
bewildering variety, and rose again immediately to reveal the same
setting but an entirely new cast, a cast in which the dinosaurs
do not appear at all, other reptiles are supernumeraries, and all
the leading parts are played by mammals of sorts barely hinted at
in the preceding acts.59
Furthermore, when mammals suddenly made their appearance, they
were already very different from each other. Such dissimilar animals
as bats, horses, mice, and whales are all mammals, and they all
emerged during the same geological period. Establishing an evolutionary
relationship among them is impossible even by the broadest stretch
of the imagination. The evolutionist zoologist R. Eric Lombard makes
this point in an article that appeared in the leading journal Evolution:
Those searching for specific
information useful in constructing phylogenies of mammalian taxa
will be disappointed.60
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The Myth of Horse Evolution
Until recently, an imaginary sequence supposedly
showing the evolution of the horse was advanced as the principal
fossil evidence for the theory of evolution. Today, however,
many evolutionists themselves frankly admit that the scenario
of horse evolution is bankrupt. In 1980, a four-day symposium
was held at the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago,
with 150 evolutionists in attendance, to discuss the problems
with gradualistic evolutionary theory. In addressing the
meeting, evolutionist Boyce Rensberger noted that the scenario
of the evolution of the horse has no foundation in the fossil
record, and that no evolutionary proccess has been observed
that would account for the gradual evolution of horses:
The popularly told example of horse evolution,
suggesting a gradual sequence of changes from four-toed
fox-sized creatures living nearly 50 million years ago
to today's much larger one-toed horse, has long been known
to be wrong. Instead of gradual change, fossils of each
intermediate species appear fully distinct, persist unchanged,
and then become extinct. Transitional forms are unknown.1
Dr.
Niles Eldredge said the following about the “evolution
of the horse” diagrams:
There have been an awful lot of stories, some
more imaginative than others, about what the nature of that
history [of life] really is. The most famous example, still
on exhibit downstairs, is the exhibit on horse evolution
prepared perhaps fifty years ago. That has been presented
as the literal truth in textbook after textbook. Now I think
that is lamentable, particularly when the people who propose
those kinds of stories may themselves be aware of the speculative
nature of some of that stuff.2
Then what is the basis for the scenario of
the evolution of the horse? This scenario was formulated
by means of the deceitful charts devised by the sequential
arrangement of fossils of distinct species that lived at
vastly different periods in India, South Africa, North America,
and Europe solely in accordance with the rich power of evolutionists'
imaginations. More than 20 charts of the evolution of the
horse, which by the way are totally different from each
other, have been proposed by various researchers. Thus,
it is obvious that evolutionists have reached no common
agreement on these family trees. The only common feature
in these arrangements is the belief that a dog-sized creature
called "Eohippus", which lived in the Eocene Period 55 million
years ago, was the ancestor of the horse (Equus). But, the
supposed evolutionary lines from Eohippus to Equus are totally
inconsistent.
The evolutionist science writer Gordon R. Taylor
explains this little-acknowledged truth in his book The
Great Evolution Mystery:
But perhaps the most serious weakness of Darwinism
is the failure of paleontologists to find convincing phylogenies
or sequences of organisms demonstrating major evolutionary
change... The horse is often cited as the only fully worked-out
example. But the fact is that the line from Eohippus to
Equus is very erratic. It is alleged to show a continual
increase in size, but the truth is that some variants were
smaller than Eohippus, not larger. Specimens from different
sources can be brought together in a convincing-looking
sequence, but there is no evidence that they were actually
ranged in this order in time.3
All these facts are strong evidence that the
charts of horse evolution, which are presented as one of
the most solid pieces of evidence for Darwinism, are nothing
but fantastic and implausible tales.
1-
Boyce Rensberger, Houston Chronicle, November 5, 1980, p.15
2- Niles Eldgridge, quoted in Darwin's Enigma by Luther
D. Sunderland (Santee, CA, Master Books, 1988), page 78.
3- Gordon Rattray Taylor, The Great Evolution Mystery, Abacus,
Sphere Books, London, 1984, p. 230
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All of these demonstrate that all living beings
appeared on earth suddenly and fully formed, without any evolutionary
process. This is concrete evidence of the fact that they were created.
Evolutionists, however, try to interpret the fact that living species
came into existence in a particular order as an indication of evolution.
Yet the sequence by which living things emerged is the "order of
creation", since it is not possible to speak of an evolutionary
process. With a superior and flawless creation, oceans and then
lands were filled with living things and finally man was created.
Contrary to the "ape man" story that is imposed on the masses with
intense media propaganda, man also emerged on earth suddenly and
fully formed.
  
56
Pat Shipman, "Birds Do It... Did Dinosaurs?", p. 28.
57 Ibid.
58 Roger Lewin, "Bones of Mammals, Ancestors Fleshed
Out", Science, vol 212, June 26, 1981, p. 1492.
59 George Gaylord Simpson, Life Before Man, New
York: Time-Life Books, 1972, p. 42.
60 R. Eric Lombard, "Review of Evolutionary Principles
of the Mammalian Middle Ear, Gerald Fleischer", Evolution, Vol 33,
December 1979, p. 1230.
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